The Multiplicity of Oppression

This paper critically analyzes Iris Young's evaluative framework of oppression in conversation with Steven Lukes' three-dimensional power philosophy. Young's approach, centered around the Five Faces of Oppression and the recognition of systemic constraints, represents a departure from traditional notions of overt tyranny and domination. By emphasizing structural phenomena, she brings attention to the hidden and insidious aspects of oppression often overlooked in our awareness. However, this paper argues that Young's framework, while valuable, has limitations in its rigid categorization, which appears through its use of structural phenomena. The introduction of Steven Lukes's Dimensional Powers offers an alternative perspective that accommodates the fluid and dynamic nature of oppression. Lukes's three dimensions — overt power, shaping political discourse, and subtle influence — provide a nuanced understanding of varying levels of oppression and account for individual experience. The analysis suggests that Lukes's dimensional power approach may offer a more comprehensive and adaptable framework for understanding oppression. It allows individuals to pinpoint where and how they experience oppression and recognizes the importance of addressing covert forms that influence beliefs. While Young's framework is accessible, Lukes's perspective provides a greater exploration of oppression's complexity, encouraging a more just and equitable society by addressing diverse experiences of oppression. In conclusion, both contribute valuable insights, but Luke's dimensional power approach appears more comprehensive for understanding and addressing oppression in society.